Break bulk Cargo
The cargo is carried in unitized forms such as pallets, bags, drums, etc. It is a common method used to successfully transport cargo or goods which cannot fit in standard-size shipping containers or cargo bins.
Break bulk cargo, often referred to simply as "break bulk," is a term used in shipping and logistics to describe goods or cargo that is loaded individually onto a vessel, typically without the use of containers. This cargo is usually non-containerized and consists of various items that are not uniform in size, shape, or weight. Break bulk cargo is loaded, transported, and unloaded piece by piece or in smaller groups, making it distinct from containerized cargo.
Function of Break Bulk Cargo
Break bulk cargo plays a crucial role in the global shipping and trade industry, serving several functions:
1. Versatility
Break bulk allows for the transportation of a wide range of goods, including heavy machinery, oversized equipment, agricultural products, steel, lumber, and more.
2. Customization
Cargo that is not easily containerized, either due to size, shape, or fragility, can be safely and securely transported using break bulk methods.
3. Accessibility
Break bulk cargo is more accessible for loading and unloading at ports and terminals, especially in cases where specialized equipment or cranes are required.
4. Reduced Packaging
Some cargo types require less packaging when transported as break bulk, reducing the need for additional protective materials.
Types of Break Bulk Cargo
Break bulk cargo can be categorized into various types based on its characteristics:
1. Heavy Machinery
Includes oversized industrial equipment, construction machinery, and vehicles.
2. Project Cargo
Consists of large-scale, complex shipments for industrial projects, such as power plants, infrastructure development, and oil and gas projects.
3. General Cargo
Encompasses a wide range of goods, including steel, lumber, bags of grains, barrels, and more.
4. Bulk Cargo
Refers to loose materials like grains, minerals, and ores that are loaded directly into the vessel's holds without packaging.
Break Bulk Cargo Process
The handling of break bulk cargo involves a distinct process:
1. Receiving at Port
The cargo is received at the port, and details about the cargo's size, weight, and handling requirements are recorded.
2. Storage and Stowage
Break bulk cargo is stored in warehouses or designated areas near the dock. Cargo is then stowed and secured on the vessel individually, taking care to distribute weight evenly.
3. Loading
Cargo is carefully loaded onto the vessel using cranes, hoists, or other specialized equipment. Each piece is secured to prevent shifting during transit.
4. Voyage
The vessel sails to its destination with the break bulk cargo secured on board. Special attention is given to stability and weight distribution.
5. Discharge
Upon arrival at the destination port, cargo is carefully unloaded piece by piece or in small groups using appropriate equipment.
6. Transport to Destination
Cargo is transported from the port to its final destination, which may involve additional handling or distribution.